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The Problem of China

by Bertrand Russell (1872–1970)

  • Free to read
  • 5 hours to read
  • 16 chapters
  • Reading level: 10th to 12th grade

"The Problem of China" by Bertrand Russell is a historical account written in the early 20th century, specifically published in 1922. The work explores the complexities and challenges facing China as it navigates rapid modernization while grappling with foreign influences and its ancient traditions. Russell delves into economic, political, and cultural questions affecting not only China's future but also the broader implications for global society. The opening of the text presents the context of a European encountering China, evoking a sense of bewilderment as he confronts fundamental questions that challenge Western assumptions about civilization and progress. Russell articulately outlines the intricate problems China faces—especially in the cultural realm—and the potential outcomes of its trajectory. He critiques both Western imperialism and Chinese conservativism, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of China's unique civilization and its capacity for self-determined growth. Through rich philosophical reflections, he raises critical inquiries about knowledge, virtue, and the distinctive character of Chinese society, setting the stage for a deeper examination of China’s past and future in subsequent chapters.

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  • China · Civilization
  • China · Politics and government
  • China · Foreign relations

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Chapter I

QUESTIONS

A European lately arrived in China, if he is of a receptive and reflective disposition, finds himself confronted with a number of very puzzling questions, for many of which the problems of Western Europe will not have prepared him. Russian problems, it is true, have important affinities with those of China, but they have also important differences; moreover they are decidedly less complex. Chinese problems, even if they affected no one outside China, would be of vast importance, since the Chinese are estimated to constitute about a quarter of the human race. In fact, however, all the world will be vitally affected by the development of Chinese affairs, which may well prove a decisive factor, for good or evil, during the next two centuries. This makes it important, to Europe and America almost as much as to Asia, that there should be an intelligent understanding of the questions raised by China, even if, as yet, definite answers are difficult to give.

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Contents

  1. Chapter I
  2. Chapter II
  3. Chapter III
  4. Chapter IV
  5. Chapter V
  6. Chapter VI
  7. Chapter VII
  8. Chapter VIII
  9. Chapter IX
  10. Chapter X
  11. Chapter XI
  12. Chapter XII
  13. Chapter XIII
  14. Chapter XIV
  15. Chapter XV
  16. Appendix

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About this edition

This free edition of The Problem of China by Bertrand Russell comes from Project Gutenberg eBook #13940, released 2004-11-03. It is in the public domain in the United States, so you can read it here in full at no cost, on any phone, tablet or computer. Genre: History - Other, Philosophy & Ethics.

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