Cover of Reflections on War and Death

Reflections on War and Death

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  • 40 min read
  • 3 chapters
  • Reading level: 10th to 12th grade

"Reflections on War and Death" by Sigmund Freud is a set of twin essays written in 1915, six months after World War I began. Freud explores the profound disillusionment that accompanied the war's outbreak, examining how conflict exposed the fragility of European civilization and revealed humanity's primitive impulses beneath its civilized veneer. He argues that peacetime society had cultivated "cultural hypocrites" and dangerously shielded people from confronting death's inevitability, leaving them unprepared for the war's industrial-scale carnage.

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  • Psychoanalysis
  • Psychoanalysis and culture
  • War · Psychological aspects
  • Death · Psychological aspects
  • Civilization · Philosophy

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The Disappointments of War

REFLECTIONS
ON WAR AND DEATH

I

Caught in the whirlwind of these war times, without any real information or any perspective upon the great changes that have already occurred or are about to be enacted, lacking all premonition of the future, it is small wonder that we ourselves become confused as to the meaning of impressions which crowd in upon us or of the value of the judgments we are forming. It would seem as though no event had ever destroyed so much of the precious heritage of mankind, confused so many of the clearest intellects or so thoroughly debased what is highest.

Even science has lost her dispassionate impartiality. Her deeply embittered votaries are intent upon seizing her weapons to do their share in the battle against the enemy. The anthropologist has to declare his opponent inferior and degenerate, the psychiatrist must diagnose him as mentally deranged. Yet it is probable that we are affected out of all proportion by the evils of these times and have no right to compare them with the evils of other times through which we have not lived.

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Contents

  1. The Disappointments of War
  2. Our Attitude Towards Death
  3. Footnotes

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About this edition

This free edition of Reflections on War and Death by Sigmund Freud comes from Project Gutenberg eBook #35875, released 2011-04-15. It is in the public domain in the United States, so you can read it here in full at no cost, on any phone, tablet or computer. Genre: History - Modern (1750+), Psychiatry/Psychology, Philosophy & Ethics.

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